Read more by Christina Kopecky. Well, it looks like I am able to do that. With help from Career Karma, you can find a training program that meets your needs and will set you up for a long-term, well-paid career in tech.
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Find a top-rated training program. Find Your Bootcamp Match. Career Karma matches you with top tech bootcamps Get exclusive scholarships and prep courses. Please enter a valid phone number. Start your career switch today. What's Next? Want to explore tech careers? Share This. Dec 29, Since Python 3. It specifies that the directory should be treated as a package, so therefore include it even if it is empty.
Maybe there you need or want to keep methods. If you changed the name of methods. Some Python packages actually do this. In Python the definition of package is very simple. Like Java the hierarchical structure and the directory structure are the same. It indicates that the directory should be regarded as a package. For people who prefer reading code, I put Two-Bit Alchemist's comment here.
It facilitates importing other python files. When you placed this file in a directory say stuff containing other py files, then you can do something like import stuff. This helps when I want to extend a namespace. I could move util. Note it won't work to create a new package with the same name as the file, see this. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams?
Collectives on Stack Overflow. Learn more. Ask Question. Asked 12 years, 10 months ago. Active 4 months ago. Viewed 1. Mat Mat It's not the same thing as methane pointed out with an example here. Rainning A namespace package is not fundamentally different from a regular package. It makes the methods available at two locations. I prefer this method because it acts like an API.
Bigger projects and professional packages might definitely go another route. Note that we can still call output and hello directly. Please give your package methods unique names. This is simply how I use it, and the methods described are safe across most common versions of Python.
Citizen Upgrade is a community of experts covering technology, society, and personal development. Visit us at our website , on Facebook , or on Twitter. Join our mailing list to access more great content and other helpful resources. Upgrade your world. Upgrade your life. A community of experts covering technology, society, and personal development. If it fails to find it, an ImportError exception is raised.
Contrarily, when using syntax like import item. Now what happens when the user writes from sound. Ideally, one would hope that this somehow goes out to the filesystem, finds which submodules are present in the package, and imports them all. This could take a long time and importing sub-modules might have unwanted side-effects that should only happen when the sub-module is explicitly imported. The only solution is for the package author to provide an explicit index of the package.
It is up to the package author to keep this list up-to-date when a new version of the package is released. This would mean that from sound. It also includes any submodules of the package that were explicitly loaded by previous import statements. Consider this code:. In this example, the echo and surround modules are imported in the current namespace because they are defined in the sound.
In fact, this is the recommended notation unless the importing module needs to use submodules with the same name from different packages. When packages are structured into subpackages as with the sound package in the example , you can use absolute imports to refer to submodules of siblings packages. For example, if the module sound. You can also write relative imports, with the from module import name form of import statement. These imports use leading dots to indicate the current and parent packages involved in the relative import.
From the surround module for example, you might use:. Note that relative imports are based on the name of the current module. This variable can be modified; doing so affects future searches for modules and subpackages contained in the package.
While this feature is not often needed, it can be used to extend the set of modules found in a package. Navigation index modules next previous Python ».
Note For efficiency reasons, each module is only imported once per interpreter session. Note On file systems which support symlinks, the directory containing the input script is calculated after the symlink is followed. Some tips for experts: You can use the -O or -OO switches on the Python command to reduce the size of a compiled module. From the surround module for example, you might use: from.
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